Reflecting on Wisdom Essay Example for Free

Reflecting on Wisdom Essay Using the information presented in Ch. 10 of your text and other scholarly sources, describes the attributes that are commonly associated with wise people. Identify a person you have known in your life or someone you have never met. Write a 700- to 900-word paper addressing the following: †¢What characteristics of wisdom does this individual possess? †¢What makes him or her wise? †¢Which of these attributes do you believe you have developed most fully? †¢Which do you believe you need to develop more fully in the years to come? Explain. My friend Liz is probably the only person who I could really turn to for advice and her wisdom and knowledge has always helped me through the rough times and the good times. I remember meeting Liz one day at school and asked if I could borrow a pencil from her during math class. When I returned it back she said I could have it but to try not to lose it since it is an obvious writing instrument to have. Well, after a few days I noticed she would sit alone during lunch time so I asked her if she wanted to join my friends and I for lunch, ever since we have been best of friends. According to my reading in my Positive Psychology books in Ch. 10 Table 10.2 Classification of virtues and character strengths wisdom and knowledge is cognitive strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge. The defining strengths describe her or what she possesses: creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning, and perspective. She has always been creative since day one when I asked to borrow a pencil. During that time we were learning how to make a cube out of paper and Liz knew how to do the cube without even asking how to make it. She could make things to be productive. I could recall during a campout with a bunch of girls how to make things out of sticks with leaves and such. It was amazing on how much she knew without really knowing how to do it in the beginning. Her open-mindedness was well respected in our little group of friends that luckily for us we could always count on her to see all sides of an argument. Liz was the really the bookworm of the group, she always had some new book of something so she could learn something new. I remember her Astrology phase which lead into other similar aspects like numerology, love signs, birthday meanings. It was an interesting chapter in all of our lives. What makes Liz wise is that she has patience with everyone and everything. She will sit there and listen to you and give advice and a shoulder to lean on. I remember I was having boy trouble and by the third time the guy and I split he wanted me back the next day. I was so confused by him and his emotions that I went to Liz and ask for advice and what does she think. Being that she knew me and my relationship with the guy, she gave me some good comments and advice that still sticks to me today. She said about the pattern that the guy and I had is not a healthy for either of us. She said that he’s just playing with my emotions and using me for a doormat for something else that was really getting his attention. I was young and naà ¯ve to see what was really going on with him and I thought I was really in love with him. The attributes that I believe I developed most fully is the love of learning. I find everything as a challenge. Mastering skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge keeps me busy and absorbing and experiencing new obstacles. My latest mastering skill is calligraphy. At first it was quite difficult but after some time and practice I am able to make important announcements freehand and it makes me giddy and exhilarated that I created such beautiful work without the help or computers. I always did find calligraphy to be extremely hard but after hard work and patience I say I am a complete natural. The one defining strength I believe I need to develop more in the years is open-mindedness. I always thought I was open-minded for new things or even things I thought I was open-minded to. For example, my boyfriend and I are total opposites when it comes to alcoholic beverages. He prefers wines and hard liquor while I prefer fruity drinks and wine coolers. I told him one day I would try wine some time and when he ordered a case of wine from his catalog, without me knowing, that when the UPS dropped off the wine, my boyfriend had some wine glasses out and ready for me to try. At first I was really against it because I wasn’t in a â€Å"drinking mood† but really it was only because of the comments people would make and say about wine on how it’s bitter and sweet in the same time. After I refused the first glass, he said he thought I was open-minded to try some wine. After that it really got to me on how much I thought I was open-minded when in actuality I was closed-minded. Not only on wine was I not open-minded to but on other things and matters as well. After the comment my boyfriend made I made sure I try it before I â€Å"knocked it off† my list. I tried a few wines, red and whites, and noticed I have neutral taste for the both. I could only manage one glass and after that I am good. It is not because it m ade me spin or intoxicated but the aftertaste is what gets to me.

Use of Reflexivity in Ethnographic Research :: Anthropology Culture Ethnography Papers

Use of Reflexivity in Ethnographic Research Works Cited Missing The use of reflexivity in ethnographic research and writing is used to insist that the anthropologist has systematically and rigorously revealed their methodology and their self as the instrument of data collection and generation. Reflexivity can play a variety of roles in ethnographic writings as observed in the works of Renato Rosaldo, Dorinne Kondo, and Ruth Behar. These three anthropologists all use reflexivity in different ways to convey their findings and feelings. The three works, however, also point out the advantages and the limits of ethnographic reflexivity. Renato Rosaldo in his article â€Å"Grief and a Headhunters Rage† uses ethnographic reflexivity to show how in the beginning of his fieldwork he â€Å"was not yet in a position to comprehend the force of anger possible in bereavement† (Rosaldo, 7) and that it wasn’t until fourteen years later when he experienced the loss of his wife that he could comprehend what the Ilongots had told him about grief, rage, and headhunting. Rosaldo then writes â€Å"I began to fathom the force of what Ilongots had been telling me about their losses through my own loss, and not through any systematic preparation for field research† (Rosaldo, 8). Renato Rosaldo’s own experiences had helped him to understand and empathize with the Ilongots, who fourteen years earlier, he was not able to understand that the Ilongot’s statement that â€Å"Rage, born of grief, impels him to kill his fellow human beings.† (Rosaldo, 1)Rosaldo’s writings point out that having similar experiences allows the anthropologist to understand and empathize with the people they are studying. This comprehension on the anthropologist’s behalf allows for easier accessibility and transcription to the general public. Shared experiences, however, allow for more biases and interpretations to seep into the anthropologist’s writing. It is more likely that the anthropologist will use his or her own experiences and interpretations when writing on the culture. Renato Rosaldo addresses this issue when he writes, â€Å"by invoking personal experience as an analytical category one risks easy dismissal† (Rosaldo, 11). In the article â€Å"Dissolution and Reconstitution of Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology†, Dorinne Kondo uses ethnographic reflexivity to discuss her research in Japan, being a Japanese-American, and the expectations of being Japanese. Dorinne Kondo was torn between the American culture she was accustomed to and the Japanese culture she was studying and tried to associate with.

Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Kpop Music

Pinoy Youth’s Preference for KPOP (Korean Pop) music: How does it affect their taste for OPM (Original Pilipino Music)? CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This particular research study aims to determine the Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM).Regarding this, the researchers will seek to know whether factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers’ preference towards Original Pilipino Music In addition, the researchers want to distinguish the respondents (female residents of the University of the Philippines Cebu College Dormitory and other chosen students in UPVCC) view toward Korean Pop music as well as their outlook in the Original Pilipino Music (OPM).Moreover, this study would identify if the students’ music preference would affect their sense of nationalism. In doing this, the researchers gathered information which will help in achieving the goal of the researchers. This would serve as support to the current research study. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT This study will be conducted at the University of the Philippines Cebu College (UPVCC). The location will be the University of the Philippines Campus in Gorordo Avenue Lahug Cebu City. The place is accessible to the researchers for they would not spend much time travelling.The researchers choose the locale since one of the researchers is currently residing in the dormitory and because it is more accessible in terms of distributing the survey questionnaires. RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS The major concern of choosing respondents would be the residents staying in the UP dormitory which consists of 9 rooms with 53 student residents but the researchers respondents are on to chosen female dormers only. On the other hand, there will also be some respondents who do not stay in the dormitory but still female students in the University of the Philippines Cebu College.RESEARCH IN STRUMENT Simple random sampling was done for the sample selection. This sampling method is conducted where each member of a population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. As all members of the population have an equal chance of becoming a research participant, this is said to be the most efficient sampling procedure. The researchers will list down all the names of the female respondents. After that, the researchers will use the fishbowl technique and will randomly pick 15 out of these 32 respondents including the chosen respondents not staying in the dormitory.The researchers decided to use this fishbowl technique since all the respondents are females and would only choose by means of â€Å"draw by lots†. This method involves the selection of the sample at random from the sampling frame through the use of random number tables (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003). Numbers were assigned for each respondent in the master list. These numbers were written on piec es of paper and drawn from a box; the process was repeated until the sample size was reached. This research study will use a survey questionnaire as a research tool.The survey will be arranged basing on the factors that affect the respondents’ preference toward Korean Pop Music and how it affects their taste to Original Pilipino Music (OPM). There are 4 factors that the researchers consider. These are the respondents’ outlook towards the performers of the Korean Pop Music and Original Pilipino Music, the rhythm of music that K-pop and OPM music brings, as well as music’s composition and the message being delivered by both K-pop and OPM music. Every factor will be stated in a form of table.The researchers prepared an introductory part for survey consisting of 3 questions involving whether the respondents’ are into K-pop music or OPM Music. One of the questions determines what music does the respondent like from the two choices, the Korean Pop Music or the Original Pilipino Music. The second question is just related to a supporting answer to question number one in which the choices pertains to the time that the respondents often listens to her preferred music. Below the introductory question will be 2 tables, one for K-pop music and the other one is for OPM music. The two tables are divided into 5 columns.These columns would serve as the respondents’ ratings from 1 to 5 and 5 as the most appreciated towards K-pop and OPM Music. Each factor consists of 3 phrases related to the factor revealed. As mentioned earlier, one factor that affects the respondents’ preference toward music is the performers. The second factor involves the pattern of beats that the music contains. The third one relates to the lyrics of the music and how the message is being delivered to the listeners or audience. The researchers provide a survey questionnaire with a letter of permission to the chosen respondents.If the respondents approved the letter , they would answer the questionnaire automatically. If not, the researchers would pick another respondent and will answer directly to the survey questionnaire after approval. The respondents would just directly answer the questions with no time limit. After the respondents have completed answering the questions, the questionnaire will be collected. DATA ANALYSIS The researchers would then tally the results obtained. The results will then be tabulated. After that, thorough analysis should be done and the results would then be interpreted.This will be done by calculating the results using the Chi-Square Test for Independence. The researchers decided to use this type of test for it is applicable whether there is a relationship between two variables. In this study, the relationship between Pinoy Youths’ Preference towards K-pop Music and OPM Music is being described. This type of test actually involves statistics. As said earlier, the chi-square test is used to determine whether there is a â€Å"significant difference between the normal frequencies and the experimental frequencies in one or more categories.The Chi-Square statistic compares the tallies or counts of categorical responses between two or more independent groups†(Maben, 2009). In so doing, the researchers would be helped by the Chi-Square test in determining Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). CHAPTER III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Several theories have been gathered and analyzed in this research study to help determine the factors causing an individual to affect his/her attitude due to the type of music he/she prefers.A theory of Rudolf Radocy and David Boyle (2003) contends that musical preference is â€Å"more than an interaction of inherent musical characteristics and individual psychological and social variables† (p. 371). They cite the work of Abeles (1980) who, after a thorough review of the p ertinent literature, concluded that personality factors and emotional states were related to preference, but not in a clear cut aspect. Moreover, Radocy and Boyle (2003) stress out that music preference might be influenced by the factors of environment such as institutions, experiences, group gatherings, self-concept, mass media and among other things.Another theorist, Warren Prince (1972) developed a paradigm for music listening with a major premise that â€Å"a listener is capable of more than one response pattern and more than one type of listening experience† (p. 446). His paradigm is proposed as an initial effort to build â€Å"a framework based on crucial decisions on what variables and what relationships between variables are to be investigated† (p. 446). In addition, his paradigm gives a graphic representation of the variables in the listening process.Prince’s paradigm has three categories; the listener variables, response patterns and a group of learnin g process variables. The variables in these three categories are interrelated indicating causal relationships. Below is the diagram interpreting his paradigm. Figure 1. 5 Figure 1. 5 shows the flow of Prince’s Music Listening Paradigm with the (1) listener variables that are located at the top which are directed through the listener’s general state of attention, (2) response patterns at the center and the learning process variables are located at the bottom, and mostly has the function of feedback into the responses.Moreover, the reason why the listener variable is located on the top is that, it determines its behavior according to the influence that the environment is causing it. From here, these listeners can be able to provide their own response patterns (e. g. music materials) from what they get from the environment’s influence. This then makes the learning process variables take place giving the outcome and effect from what the listeners prefer. Another mus ic listening preference theory was developed by Albert LeBlanc (1982). LeBlanc’s theory conceptualizes musical judgment as a hierarchical process.LeBlanc’s music listening preference theory covers a whole system of input information. He explains that a person’s decision on music listening preference must follow â€Å"unavoidable time sequence. † He asserts that music is differently processed at different levels, which one involves personality characteristics. When Prince built his music listening theory, he considered his theory as an initial paradigm. He mentioned that â€Å"an initial paradigm represents theoretical considerations not yet confirmed even though they may be supported strongly by research evidence. A later paradigm or theoretical schema may emerge as a result of many studies based on the initial paradigm. † (p. 446) LeBlanc (1991) stated that his model has a different focus (music listening preference) from that of Prince (music lis tening). However, LeBlanc’s music listening preference theory can be classified as a later paradigm of a more specifically developed theoretical model for music listening paradigm. The theory developed by Robert Walker (1980) similarly characterizes musical preference as only indirectly related to personality and/or attitude factors.Walker asserts that liking is directly influence by musical complexity. He point out the idea that preference is modeled by a â€Å"bell-curve† which means that there is an â€Å"optimal level of complexity that is most enjoyable. Both very low complexity and very high complexity are less enjoyable† (p. 105). â€Å"Individuals have particular optimal complexity levels, with deviations in either direction decreasing liking. Simplistic music might produce boredom while overly complex music requires extensive processing that can decrease the likelihood that an individual will continue attending to the music. (Perkins, p. 5) Walker†™s idea stresses out the fact and/or assertion that an individual, when introduced to a new kind of music will probably like and abandon the previous preference or he/she would have the same level of likeness to the both; previous and new kind of music. This, then leads to the point where the individual’s personality and/or attitude is greatly affected and influenced by the preference he/she chooses resulting to the creation of different views of the individual. Below is the diagram of the Theoretical Framework:Conceptual Framework: Base on the ideas of the theories that were combined, the researcher came up with the above conceptualized framework. The music environment variables which include the institutions, experiences, group gatherings, self-concept and mass media are located at the top of the framework, followed by the second variable—students that become affected by the music environment. From this, the second variable could experience the exposure of the thir d variable which is considered to be the various types of music materials and response patterns.Then, they can assess their response patterns by weighing the dominance of the dominant music which becomes the fourth variable in the framework. Upon weighing the dominance, the students will learn to choose and prefer the more dominant kind of music which then, formulates their views on it and the effect comes after. The variables in this framework are considered the specified factors following the points and ideas from the theories mentioned. In addition, the framework’s flow is also based on the things that the theories pointed out. Below is the diagram of the Conceptual Framework:Operational Framework: The variables featured on the operational framework as showed below are the most specified factors that become a background flow of the research study. Home, UP Grounds, television, pals—variables found at the top of the framework are part of music environment which funct ions as the ones mainly influencing the second variable—the selected UP Female Students. This student variable now becomes the dependent variable in a way that its reactions depend on a certain situation due to the process that takes place in the music environment.In reacting to the environment variable, students tend to enumerate in their minds the response patterns—KPOP’s beat, rhythm, composition, styles and performers—that they get from the influence of the music environment. Having the response patterns settled, students will have a selection of one type of music leaving the other type. Appearing in the framework, the dominance of KPOP music on the preference of Pinoy Youth becomes the outcome gained from the response patterns.The dominance of KPOP music can possibly be assessed that Pinoy Youth will end up selecting and/or preferring KPOP music over OPM (original Pilipino music), which is another variable based on the framework. The effect of select ing Kpop over OPM by the Pinoy Youth will probably lead to the effect on their personality and/or attitude questioning now their sense of nationalism. In accordance with these analyses, the specific flow of ideas showed in the framework is only based on the points pondered by several theories provided in the previous pages having the views of the theorists, respectively.Below is the diagram of the Operational Framework: CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The new generation today has been exposed already to the different kinds and genres of music. From time to time music has been improved and made more entertaining than before. This has evolved from the native type of music to the modern kind of music in which most of the teenagers at present seems to like and appreciate. Most of the music nowadays are already been mixed up.Some music are from other countries that become popular and known to other neighboring countries and is still getting much popularity worldwide. Butler (2006 ) defines music as â€Å"an art of arranging across time†. Music is part of almost every culture on Earth but it varies widely among cultures in means and structure. Music is a language of human figure of communication with well developed rules of structure much like a form of sentence structure. An individual through music would be making interpretations based upon speech patterns like loud or soft rapid and bitten off, slow or smooth.According to Greeks (20th century), the beginning of music can be solved by thought where ancient people make up chants of religion, war, love and death through direct organization of words with the combination of body movements. Greek philosophers assumed that listening to music based on certain modes in use at that time was beneficial to the enhancement of the young person’s character. With music, an individual can develop one’s potential and positive outlooks in life (Butler (2006). Music is â€Å"a mode of thought, a way of t hinking in tones†. In addition, the usical mode of thought is a complex means of â€Å"expressing a thought for the suggestion of ideas of beauty and emotions† (Ferguson, 1959). With the help of rhythm, the message in music is delivered conveniently for rhythm contains everything that pertains to the forward movement of music in time. Rhythm is the pattern of beats in a piece of music. Mayol (1990) stated that â€Å"music has existed from time immemorial: archaeologists have unearthed traces of music in the most ancient society, ethnomusicologists have found it in even the most primitive tribal culture and scientists have claimed it present in space.Yet, no one has been able to established precisely when, where, why or how music originated. Mayol (1990) also claimed that there are recent theories proposing that in all cultures, music originated in a similar manner which was from a universal source (monogenesis) (p. 3). Ordinary people became uninterested with its begin ning that for them it is a nonsense and worthless. But as time pass by, its implication and origin have brought sensation to their lives.And so, this made them vary their preferences towards the different kinds of music leading to other individuals conducting research and other related studies regarding with these behavior and choices. At present, there are already many types of music known to be famous. One of which is the popular music. Popular music pertains to a kind of music that is produced for a broader audience. This includes jazz, rock, rap music and many more. Popular music has three of the most important elements and these are language, beat and tune.This popular music originated in America in the year 1850-1950 (Yudkin,1996). In addition, popular music is typically vocal where everybody can sing more or less, and it has no formal training because it is intended to appeal to the widest possible audience. Until now, this particular music is still being acknowledged and app reciated worldwide including Philippines as well as other European countries. (Yudkin,1996). Regarding this popular music, Korean Pop or known as K-Pop is one of today’s hits and famous music worldwide.Korean pop music is the well kind of music in the country of South Korea today. K-pop music is just similar to western music. The only difference is their lyrics which are in the form of Korean. Hallyu is the word that means Korean wave. Part of the Korean wave is their overwhelming success not just in music but as well as in South Korean dramas and movies. The term Korean pop music does not only pertains to music but with accompaniment of movement that makes South Korea popular in Asia and neighboring countries from 1990’s until present (Villano,2010).According to Hicap (2010), the making of Korean pop music also involves attractive young stars and their unique moves in dancing accompanied with how they dress up. One of the newest and most famous is Rain, the male singe r who became artist after his shooting in the Korean Drama Full House with the actress Song Hye Kyo. BoA is one of Korea’s top female singers who has topped the charts in Korea, then Japan and released an album in US. BoA worked in partnership with western artists and was cited as an influential artist in the 2004 MTV Asia awards.Others are bands and groups which are today’s most known. One of them is the female group 2nel having a member who became famous in the Philippines before she reached her fame in Korea. Her name is Sandara Park. The next known group is the Wonder Girls, also a female group who was famous for their popular hit â€Å"Nobody† which was loved by many Filipinos. Other group includes SS501, a male group that become famous after the inclusion of some of their songs in the soundtrack of the popular Boys Over Flowers and having their member Kim Hyun Jung.Todays’ known female group, the Girls Generation who were trained in various aspects of the performing arts, has its own TV Series and they endorse products in Korea. There are still many known groups and artists that contributed to the success of the Korean Pop Music such as the Super Junior and Shinee group. These bands and groups made Korean Pop music be known (Hicap, 2010). Younger Korean musicians have already gained reputation, much popularity and appreciation as top performers in both concert and entertainment fields.In relation to this, youth around Asia especially Filipino youths have been affected by the outstanding effect not just to the K-pop music but also to other music from other countries (Kim,1985). A study by Fritzie Joy J. Dungog (1997) distinguishes the influence of Pinoy alternative music to the attitude of students towards local government officials. Dungog used a three part questionnaire that asked questions pertaining to personal data, exposure questions and an attitudinal test. The questionnaire was distributed to 284 respondents.Based on th e questionnaires she gave to the 284 respondents, the researcher found out that the respondents showed a high level of exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music and that the majority of respondents exhibited a positive approach towards their city government officials. The study also revealed that â€Å"there were no significant relationship between the attitudes of respondents toward their city local government officials and the frequency exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music†(Dungog, (1997)). Dino Arnaldo A.Karganilla (1994) determines the effect of exposure to foreign music in FM stations on the perception of high school students towards Filipino music. The study covered a sample size of 111 fourth year U. P. College High School attendees through a two-page questionnaire which were given to those 111 respondents. The instrument that Karganilla used in his study was a two paged questionnaire composed of three sections with an additional information part. The researcher discovered th at the respondents had a low level of exposure to foreign music and that the respondents had a favorable insight towards Original Pilipino Muisc (OPM).There was no connection between the respondents’ sexual category and rank of exposure that could influence their view towards Original Pinoy Music (OPM) and in turn, the exposure to foreign local FM stations did not bear a negative impact of the respondents toward Original Pilipino Music (OPM). A supplementary research study by Jessica Servande Losorata (2008) verifies whether Cebu local rock music airplay on Monster Radio BT 105. 9 has either a positive or a negative impact on selected rock bands that have played for Harakiri Mosh Production. â€Å"A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with selected ock bands that have played for Harakiri Mosh Production was the main method in gathering the data. A separate Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with Monster Radio BT 105. 9 listeners and online interviews with the station’s manager and a representative of Harakiri Mosh Production were also conducted to gather additional information† (Losorata, (2008)). The researcher found out that the respondents were not devoted clients of radio. They had a low level of exposure to radio but their consciousness of its Cebu local rock music airplay was positive.The results of the study was been supported after the researcher interviewed Paolo Valera, known as Paolo Walker, the station manager of Monster Radio BT 105. 9 together with Shanette G. Mancao, one of the founder of Harakiri Mosh Production. For the respondents, the interviews and interactions were done through internet because of the interviewees schedule and activities. Another study by R. S. Holganza (1987) was all about the relationship between the exposure to foreign music in FM stations and the attitude of fourth year high school University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) students towards Original Pilipino Music (OPM).This particular research was conducted to determine if there is a connection between the exposure to foreign music in local FM stations and the attitude of fourth year USJ-R students toward OPM. The research was conducted inside the University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) High School campus using 100 fourth year male and female respondents from the different economic levels. The respondents exposure to foreign music was determined by the number of hours spent listening to FM stations while the respondents attitude was measured by four OPM-related statements.The respondents in this specific study belonged to the same age level which was 16 to 17 with same educational attainment (fourth year high school). The researcher found out that the respondents were exposed to local FM stations whose programming was more on foreign music but the playing of foreign songs in FM stations seems not to decrease or slow down the popularity of the Original Pilipino Music (OPM). The amount of exposure to FM stations influenced the responden ts’ liking of Filipino songs and the respondents over-all choice of song as verified by the results of the chi-square test was the Original Pilipino Music (OPM).A related study was conducted by Minni K. Ang and Miranda P. Yeoh (year) concerning the music preferences of Malaysian students and KBSM Curriculum implications (explain). Ang and Yeoh organized this by preparing ten selection of ethnic-based Malaysian music and twenty selection of non ethnic related music consisting of ten popular music selections and ten western art music selections were used. Ratings of preferences, familiarity and musical training were gathered from 139 randomly selected teenage students of two public schools in Serdang, Malaysia.The researchers discovered that the respondents preferred non-ethnic related music especially popular music. In addition, the interpreted results proved that the main factor affecting their preference for both ethnic-based Malaysian music and non ethnic-related music was their familiarity of the music (M. K. &Yeoh, 2002). These past studies serve as a basic foundation to this recent research which determines if factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers’ preference towards Original Pilipino Music and if this would affect their sense of nationalism.According to Malm (1977), there are explanations about the behavior observed with regards to the preference of Filipino youth. Malm said that early in the history back to the time where Philippines was colonized, the Filipino music traditions were mixed with Spanish-type of music which was distributed into the country. â€Å"The Spanish influence becomes even stronger as one move toward Philippine urban culture† Malm (1977). Malm (1977) claimed that Filipino possesses an attitude which comes from the experience of colonization, wherein it has adapted many music cultures from different neighboring countries in the history.Through this fa ct, it can now be related to the issue of choice of music that Filipino youth is experiencing with interest, specifically its fascination towards Korean pop music. Additionally, they ought to love the unfamiliar type of music with amazement and astonishment to that kind of music. Regarding this concept, the popularity of the native music will declined slowly until it will no longer be known. According to Mayol (1990), the shifting of the Youth’s musical preference is due to the music’s influential power that serves as a â€Å"shaping force in determining the nature of the moral character of the populace.The power of music affecting a person was derived from its structure. The above mentioned cases and studies have shown that there is an effect or impact regarding the preference of Pinoy teenagers toward music. And the above researches would aid the current researchers to accomplish their study about the Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). This would serve as guiding principles in this latest study. Bibliography Books: Hoffer, C. R. (1989). The Understanding of Music (sixth edition): Personal Preference in Music.United States of America. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. Kim, E. (1985). Facts About Korea: Music and Dance. Seoul, Korea Malm, W. (1997). Music Cultures of the Pacific, the Near East and Asia (second edition): Philippines. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Mayol, P. (1990). The Development of Western Music: Heritage from Antiquity. United States of America. Wm C. Brown Publishers Yudkin, J. (1996). Understanding Music: Popular Music. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Unpublished Materials: Ang, M. K. & Yeoh, M. P. 2002). Music Preferences of Malaysian Students and KBSM (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah or Integrated Secondary School Curriculum) Implications. Serdang, Malaysia. Retrieved December 2, 2010 f rom http://www. musicmall-asia. com/minni/Educ/2002. pdf Dungog, F. J. J. (1997). Influence of Alternative Music on Students’ Attitude Towards Local Government Officials. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. University of the Philippines Cebu College Holganza, R. S. (1987). The Relationship Between the Exposure to Foreign Music in FM Stations. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis.University of the Philippines Cebu College Karganilla, D. A. A. (1994). Relationship Between the Exposure to Foreign Music and the Perception of Fourth Year UP High School Students Towards Filipino Music. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. University of the Philippines Cebu College Losorata, J. S. (2008). The Impact of Cebu Local Rock Music Airplay on Monster Radio BT 105. 9 on Cebu Rock Bands. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. University of the Philippines Cebu College Online Periodicals: Hicap, J. (2010). Filipinos Get Hooked on Kpop Craze. Korea Times.Retrieved December 7,2010 from http://koreatimes. co. kr. /www/news/nation/2009/09/117_51347. html Villano, A. (2010). The Korean Pop Invasion. The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 12, 2010 form http://dancepinoy. com/forum/music-lifestyle/k-pop-invasion-in-the-philippines-2 Internet Sources: ______. (2006). Kpop: History and Globalization. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/korean+pop ______. (2007). Music of Korea. Retrieved November 24, 2010 from http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/korean+music ______. (2008). Kpop’s History and Definition.Retrieved November 27, 2010 from http://www. asiafinest. com/review/kpop. htm ______. (2007). Korean Music Popularity. Retrieved November 27, 2010 from http://www. chinatownconnection. com/korean-music-popularity. htm ______. (2009). Korean Pop (K-pop). Retrieved December 1, 2010 from http://www. 123helpme. com/preview. asp? id=35074 Xiong, Y. & Li, S. (2007). Effect of South Korean Pop Culture on the Potential Tourists from Chinese Mainl and. Retrieved December 16, 2010 from http://www. docstoc. com/docs/19647133/ effect-of-south-korean-pop-culture-on-the-potential-tourists-from.

Impact Of Fossil Fuels On Our Planet - 1787 Words

THE IMPACT FOSSIL FUELS HAVE ON OUR PLANET Oil reserves are found all over the world. Some reserves produced more oil than others. Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, Iran, and China are the top oil producing countries (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). Petroleum is produced in 31 states throughout the United States (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). Texas, Alaska, California, Louisiana, and Oklahoma are the states that produce the most petroleum (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It is used to fuel most cars in the United States, but petroleum is also used to make many more products that we use on a daily basis (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). A majority of petroleum is turned into an energy source. Petroleum can be used to make heating oil, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and propane, in addition to making gasoline (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It can also be turned into petrochemical feedstock, which is derived from petroleum principally for the manufacturing of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and plastics (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It is used to make many common household products, such as crayons, dishwashing liquids, deodorant, eyeglasses, tires, and ammonia (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). The United States need for petroleum surpasses the amount it can produce; meaning, a majority of our oil (roughly 60 percent) must be imported from foreign countries (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). Canada is the country we import the most oil from, followed by SaudiShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuels And Renewable Energy Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate are at fossil fuels and renewable energy. Energy efficiency is arguably the most dire concern facing the planet, because it significantly impacts all areas of everyday life. Common ground can be found in this controversy because both parties do agree that humans have a responsibility to future generations. That responsibility is to preserve the resources of the Earth, while offering this generation energy that is affordable and accessible. Many people contend that fossil fuels, while beingRead MoreEssay on Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels518 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Impact of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels cause pollution, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels really do negatively impact our environment, especially when it comes to global warming, Although there is controversy over whether or not fossil fuels are causing the planet to warm, or whether it is warming naturally, there is significant research that supports the former hypothesis. When fossil fuels are burned, they emit different levels of carbonRead MoreEssay about Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels511 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Environment: Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are one of the most important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt have todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, energy uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the fact that fossil fuels are on this planet will never change, but how we use them and what impacts their use has willRead MoreThroughout The Course Of The Years, The World Has Been1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdetrimental factors. Many of these detrimental factors include fossil fuels and pollution are having a negative impact on our planet. Luckily, engineers have developed new and innovative technology that can potentially help lessen pollution and other detrimental factors. Green technology has the immense potential to generate a new method to help produce a less toxic environment ( What Is Green Technology ). Our world is slowly decaying as a result of our human actions everyday. Yet, what if specific technologyRead MoreFossil Fuels : The Global Energy Problem1352 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract For the past 100 years, fossil fuels have been the cornerstone of the world energy production. Oil is the most notable fossil fuel; however, coal and natural gas are also mainstream. Since global warming is the most important environmental problem the world faces and the cause is from greenhouse gases, many look to renewable energy resources to resolve the environment and energy crisis. The Global Energy Problem For many years, the world has been in an ongoing debate andRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pagesenergy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissions will not only benefit our generation, but countlessRead MoreHuman Activities Have A Impact On Climate Change978 Words   |  4 PagesClimate Change Human activities have a notable impact on climate change. The consequences of changing the natural atmospheric greenhouse are difficult to predict. Scientists say that climate change is a strong threat to humanity and there are a number of reasons why this threat has arisen . For example, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and risers sea levels. Very important for humanity, scientific organizations such as the National Academy of Science, the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1333 Words   |  6 PagesEver since the Earth was made approximately four and a half billion years ago, the formation of fossil fuels from decayed plants and animals have been a burden upon the planet. Coal, for example, was the first fossil fuel to become the main energy source in the United States to replace the low-energy firewood during the second half of the nineteenth century. Although coal was beneficial for the industrial age of the United States, it had its drawbacks. These drawbacks included the emissions of CarbonRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1215 Words   |  5 PagesIf too much CO2 has escaped into our atmosphere can’t we just find ways to remove it? If it was that easy we would, but unfortunately it isn’t, nor is it cheap. Over the last century the human induced burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, increased the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, causing human induced climate changeRead MoreWhat Are Fossil Fuels?1387 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain what fossil fuels are exactly. Also how they are non- renewable, meaning that they indeed will run out one day, and there is no way how to replenish the supply after it is gone. Fossil fuels are natural fuels such as coal or gas, these fuels formed in the geologi cal past from the remains of microscopic plants and ancient animals like dinosaurs that lived and died millions of years ago. The plants and animals or (diatoms) absorbed energy that came from the biggest star in our universe, this

Martin Luther King Jr. - 1101 Words

August 28, 1963 (Eidenmuller) marked a very important day in history that had an impact not only on America, but the whole world. On this day, Martin Luther King Jr. presented his well known I Have a Dream speech that aimed to eliminate racism, inequality and discrimination. He strongly believed that one day people would put their differences aside and come together. So, what happened to that dream? Along with other equality initiative ideas, they rarely make it past the idea stages or end in the actual eradication result. It is clear to us that even after 51 years, our societies still struggle with accepting full equality. Within those 51 years we have made a mass amount of progress but, a common thought would be that after this long the issue should have been eradicated. Two essays that can be used as an example of proof that racial inequality still exists in our society are, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples and Who Shot Johnny? by Debra Dickerson. In these essays, both provide solid evidence to support their main goal with the use of different writing styles, tone, and rhetorical devices to display how African Americans are perceived and treated by society. Within essay one, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples it describes the life and experiences of a young African American man living between Chicago and New York City over about a ten year span. Due to stereotypes on his race, society assumes he compliments them resulting in being viewed as dangerousShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. Through his activism, King played a pivotal role in ending the legal discrimination of African American citizens. During his childhood, Martin Jr.’s father stronglyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1078 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interestingRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe slaves, African-Americans saw a road trip to equality through the eyes of Martin Luther King, Jr. Even after being emancipated from slaves to citizens, African-Americans were not ready to wage the battle against segregation alone. The weight which African Americans carried on their back, was lightened when they began to see what Martin Luther King, Jr. brought to the table against segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important African-American leader of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreBiography of Martin Luther King, Jr745 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born on in his mothers parents large house on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the second child, and was first named Michael, after his father. Both changed their names to Martin when the boy was still young. King JR was born into a financially secu re family middle class with that, They received better education in respect to most people of their race. King Jr, noticed this and this influenced him to live a life of social protestRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King, Jr.591 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at home on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were Martin Luther, Sr. and Alberta King. He was born into a world where segregation was the law. Where his boyhood best friend, who was white, wasnt allowed to play with him once they started school. Where black people went to separate bathrooms, drank from separate water fountains, couldnt eat in whites only restaurants, and had toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.2405 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. IN THESE GROUPS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 1968 FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WENT TO PRISON FAMOUS CAPRICORNS Show All Groups 1 of 19  «  » QUOTES â€Å"But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.† —Martin Luther King Jr. Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagesbut the content of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that King

Essay on Napoleon - 459 Words

Napoleon was an opportunistic leader who’s military genius was unmatched and his political prowess very solid, but his goal of overtaking Europe ended his power. Napoleon was a powerful military leader who was able to gain the respect and admiration of France through his military victories. He saw the opportunity to be the French leader and jumped at it, but his goal of a unified Europe hurt him. His ego also played a part in his fall from power in his ill-advised decision to have his brother rule Spain. Napoleon’s military power was so great that he came close to ruling Europe in its entirety before meeting the end. His rule over France was very successful and he was able to run a country very effectively. He was even able to rule over†¦show more content†¦Napoleon reached power through rising during a wartime because of his military successes. During a time of war promotions are made frequently and Napoleon became a general at a young age. Napoleon was able t o move his troops much faster than any other country was able to move their troops. Napoleon’s troops were also much larger than any of the others. These advantages led to Napoleon becoming one of the greatest military leaders ever. Napoleon’s political ideas were efficient and worked well to rule a country; he even adapted his ideas to help France run more efficiently. The Napoleonic Code gave equality to all male citizens and he rehabilitated the Catholic Church for his people, despite his belief in religious freedom. He created a bureaucracy with subprefects, prefects, and mayors that ran France. All of these ideas helped France run smoothly. Napoleon’s problem was that overtaking all of Europe was too difficult a task for any man. He was forced to divide rule over some of the states that he conquered and he was not intelligent in giving Spain to his brother. Spain revolted allowing a England to have a country to land on in Europe. This decision hurt Napoleon and ended with England uniting the remaining European countries against Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo. Napoleons ego and greed in expansion probably stemmed from his want for war as a militaristic person, but this became the end of his reign. In the end, Napoleon was a great leader whoseShow MoreRelatedThe Napoleon Complex2927 Words   |  12 Pagesmention Napoleon is the idea of a short, angry, and bossy little man who is aggressive to compensate for being little, in other words having a Napoleon Complex. Ironically the idea that Napoleon was a short man is false as he was average height for his size at the time. A more useful way to look at a Napoleon complex would be to describe it as, a person who is driven by a perceived handicap to overcompensate in other aspects, in their lives. With this definition, we get what Napoleons mentalityRead MoreThe book Napoleon by Paul Johnson is a monograph on the life of Napoleon. Napoleon was born on600 Words   |  3 Pages The book Napoleon by Paul Johnson is a monograph on the life of Napoleon. Napoleon was born on August 15,1769 on an island called Corsica which was a French island south of the mainland. Ironically his future enemy Duke of Wellington was also born in 1769. Napoleon was born in the lower nobility class, and gifted with mathematics. He admired the Royal Navy and wanted to join as a midshipman. At the age of ten, Napoleon left Corsica for a military school in Brienne, France. On completion of his studiesRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte2242 Words   |  9 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte was a ruthless killer who hungered for power alone. He sacrificed much in order to contribute a great deal to the world by winning battles and discovering things such as the Rosetta Stone in Egypt. His thirst for control and power cost him everything he worked so hard for consequently leading to exile. The notorious Napoleon Bonaparte was born August 15, 1769, the second of eight children, on the little island of Corsica. The industrial revolution in Britain had already begunRead MoreEssay Napoleon Bonaparte1268 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Napoleon was born on August 15th, 1769 in Ajaccio (Capital of Corsica) which is an island 70 miles west of Italy. His parents were Carlo Bonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. They got married when Carlo was 18 and Letizia was 14, this was in 1764. Letizia was the one who was always putting food on the table, Carlo was way to lazy. His father was interested in politics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Napoleon got sent to military school (Brienne Military Academy) in 1778Read More napoleon Essay729 Words   |  3 Pagesnapoleon Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. His parents, Letiza and Carlo were very strict. He was one of seven children of his prominent lawyer father and strong willed beautiful mother. His education was a very prominent one, he entered a school in the nearby town of Brienne-le chateau, and was known to excel in mathematics. He immediately showed his interest in the armed forces by enrolling in the prominent Paris military school Eode Military. ImmediatelyRead MoreEssay Napoleon2888 Words   |  12 Pages Guidance to Freedom or Just Another Tyrant? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When most people think of Napoleon Bonaparte they think of either a tyrant emperor or a brilliant war strategist. Maybe both are right but in whatever conclusion any person comes to, they will know he was a small man who accomplished many great things. Napoleon conquered countries and developed a mass empire, which led to his celebrity like fame. He was a man that respected cultures and every religion and even cried whenRead MoreA Brief Biography of Napoleon2011 Words   |  8 Pages Louis Napoleon was a French military and political leader, who rose during the end stages of the French Revolution. He started and was raised in exile and through determination, hard work, and passion he became the President and then Emperor of France. He accomplished to regain the throne for his family’s name, and was an inspirational, influential, and powerful leader. Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was born on April 20, 1808 in Paris, France. He is very often referred to as Napoleon III, whichRead More Who was Napoleon Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pages Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 15 August 1769, the second of Carlo and Letizia Bonapartes eight children. In 1778, Napoleon began his education at Autun and later attended school in Brienne, excelling in mathematics and science. Following a years study at the Ecole Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. The year 1789 saw the outbreak of the French revolution, which created an atmosphere of opportunity that would not have existed under the Bourbons, and NapoleonRead MoreNapoleon the Leader736 Words   |  3 PagesEagle Success Napoleon The Leader I chose Napoleon Bonaparte for my report for being an outstanding emperor and officer for the French. Even though he was very short, at the height of only 5 3, he showed that size doesnt matter and had his wide range of accomplishments support his thought. One of his more famous achievements was him developing The Napoleonic Code or Civil Code. The Napoleonic Code or Code Civil still forms the basis of French civil law. Another one of his amazing was escapingRead MoreNapoleon and the Enlightenment Essay2143 Words   |  9 PagesNapoleon and the Enlightenment Napoleon and the enlightment Napoleon was one of the most influential people in the history of the world. He has affected people throughout the globe in many ways. He rose through the confusion of the French revolution to become Emperor of the French. His goal was to conquer all of Europe. Through out his lifetime he nearly succeeded in his goal. Napoleon was probably one of the greatest military leaders that ever lived. Napoleon Bonaparte, who is also known

Reward Management and Practice Ensure The Company Growth

Question: Discuss about the Reward Management and Practice for Ensure The Company Growth? Answer: Introduction This detailed assessment is about the discussion of reward allocation process, which will be meaningful and beneficial to achieve the objectives of the company. Micklethwaite Brewery is a medium sized brewery based on Manchester. The company trading is mainly limited to the north of England and the Midlands. A considerable number of public houses and managed houses are maintained by the enterprise, where the annual turnover from the managed house estate is estimated 237 million pounds based on the most recent statistics. A licensed house manager is both appointed by and directly employed by the company, where its own self uses a tenant. The company is tending to take new steps to implement a new business strategy. The proper way of reward allocation is to be advised by the researcher to design the new corporate strategy (Watson 2013). The allocation process should be majorly based on the basic salary structure of the company. Critical evaluation of the present pay structure of the li censed house managers is needed. If there is any alternative process that may help better in implementing the new business plan in the corporate sector, it should be suggested here too. Potential changes in the schemes of incentives for the managers are also examined. The process of allocating rewards should be fair when the underlying aim of it is to reach business goals well and help to attract highly qualified individuals in retaining in the organization, as required (Njanja et al 2013). Critical evaluation of the salary structures of the house managers of Micklethwaite Brewery needs the overview of the process. Each of the licensed houses is dealt a grade based annual turnover. There is a gradation system, depending on the amount of annual turnover. Increase in sales over a period makes the manager responsible for rising the grading of his/ her own house. The movement from minimum and maximum in each grade depends on the length of the service of the workers to reach to the top of the class. Usually, the individual is taking five years. The bands of turnover are enhanced in line with the consumer price index in the month of February each year. The company supplies an annual turnover and salary level based gradation overview where both the variables are tabled in descending to ascending order. Highest salary is ranging from 40777 pounds to 42530 pounds, whereas the minimum ranges from 19157 pounds to 20443 pounds The wages of labor cost consists some bonus and income measures (Baumann and Stieglitz 2014). They are as follows:- Profit bonus Each house has an individual account where profit and loss both are calculated. The manager of the house is paid a profit bonus annually in a proportion of 3.5% depending on the net profit for the managed outlet. This payment is pensionable and the average bonus at the most recent time is calculated as 1840 pounds. Machine income Every year there is a considerable amount of revenue by selling pool tables, fruit machines, video games machines, etc. A commission of 10% of the net takings is paid on all machine income. This amount of money is obtained by deducting the value added tax. Catering income The catering rights are a valuable source of revenue for the manager because licensed premises have turned into increasingly popular places for eating. In return for catering rights, the company charges a franchise fee based on weekly gross takings of 5%. The mean net profit from catering for each managed house is estimated at 6000 pounds. Mileage allowance Though all the managers live on the company premises, a small amount of traveling has consisted on the business of the enterprise. For this reason, an allowance of 35p for each mile, is paid to the managers. Accommodation In most cases for the directors, housing is free of rent. Additional free services are rent free lighting, heating and water supply. The company is responsible for the repair and decoration of the living accommodation (Klingebiel and Rammer 2014). Holidays The company provides 30 working days vacation in each year to the managers. They receive double time for each day of statutory holiday worked. Hours of employment Managers are required to work six working days in any one week. The total hours are not formally defined due to the unique circumstances of the trade. Sometimes, the managers have to keep the premises open for business during all hours. These issues maximize the trade for their particular situation. Therefore, some discretion is allowed in these arrangements. Company pension In the company pension scheme of Micklethwaite Brewery, all the licensed house managers are included as members. The pension plan is recognized to be good which allows for the retirements at the age of 60. This scheme is non-contributory for employees and pays 1/80th of the final salary at retirement for every year of pensionable service. The above bonus and income strategies are the kinds of rewards the brewery company provides to their licensed house managers (Massingha and Tam 2015). There are some several approaches to the policy of rewarding, which is more correctly applicable to the country of United Kingdom. The strategy has the following characteristics Acknowledging that a reasonable approach is one that acts in practice and then aiming at the exertion programs Any planning should be framed keeping the appropriate implementation and relevance. Admitting during the process of design that plans must be transformed into reality and following steps to assume the problems involved. Lining up the strategy of rewarding with the business and human resource strategies Confirming that the policy of paying fits the ambiance and innate of the company, reconciles business needs and counts every individual needs and preference Putting more effort to implementing strategic reward initiatives to boost the engagement and responsibility of people so that they are instigated and constructive, rather than putting attention on the machines of new reward craze Keeping in mind that the advancement and application of the strategy of paying is a metamorphic process, it is about performing the things better at a reasonable pace than phenomenal new advancements Supplying elasticity within a working framework, which means advancing an adaptable approach to reward of several people but regularly in a set up that provides for continuous treatment Acknowledging that setting of the strategy of rewarding will need an extensive change in governing body program Admitting the relevance of the part used by the line managers in setting the rewarding strategy and the requirement to confirm that they are instigated and have the required skills Putting in depth and constant attention to interacting with employees and including them in the advancement as well as the implementation of the strategy of rewarding Being totally confident and definite about the aspirations of the plan and determined about appraising its effectiveness (Armstrong and Stephens 2005) All these listed points above provides sufficient framework to design a new rewarding strategy. Based on the annual turnover statistics for each graded licensed house, it can be said that the salary structure framed by the company is relatively fair. The brewery is going to take a new corporate strategy to implement. The Chairman of the company Micklethwaite Brewery described the approach in a statement. Constant maintenance and looking after in the used approach is needed to cope up with the highly competitive market. Requirements of the customers have also changed with time. A decision has been taken at Board level by the management body to restructure the organization. The reason for it is to focus on the more profitable market segments and withdraw from less profitable areas. The decision will be implemented regarding the locations of the pubs and the products of all types supplied by the company (Awadh and Alyahya 2013). There are some pubs or drinking dens' which are located in the inner city. Sometimes they are inconvenient in transportation and suffer from a low attendance of the customers. They are, thus, expensive to maintain. Products of low-profit margins are sold and so in return, the company cannot receive expected benefits from these outlets. The management body has decided to close these dens, which make minimal profits. The property is determined to be sold off on whatever basis maximizes capital return. In the region, different types of customers come throughout the day. Other pubs, which will not be sold to a third party but located in the inner of the city, shall be refurbished so as to attract business workers and shoppers over the lunchtime period. Customers who come in the pubs range from the early evening to work, and late evening social groups. Restructuring and furnishing are required to attract all these types of customer to maximize the profit margin of the brewery. There are some country pubs, which are located out of the town. The management body has decided to modernize in a comprehensive manner to attract business people and their families. Middle-class customers are likely to come in the out of town premises. They demand that these buildings should offer good quality food, and it is beneficial for the company to create discreetly located play station facilities for children. In the country, there are harsh penalties for the drivers who drive their car after consuming alcohol (Bidwell et al 2013). This drink-drive legislation is strongly followed by the people. Some families are not particularly interested in drinking mainly for this reason. If the out of country pubs are redesigned and can offer better quality food, likely visiting to such pubs will be part of the day out for these families. Business people appear to find them suitable for the free lunch time, or evening meetings. The above steps mentioned are to be taken by the company. The types of treatment are to be made will be based on the location of the sites, costs of maintenance and the cost of refurbishments. The operation needs a detailed analysis, and the marketing and finance personnel are performing the analysis task. However, it is evident that the contribution to net profitability from the sales of foods is notable. This is, therefore, a primary factor in determining the future of each site. The plan has also had some personnel perspective. It needs to keep the increased costs of labors to an acceptable minimum. The body decided not to alienate their pub managers. The managers are required to retain as much revenue as possible to fund refurbishments. The company, at the same time, encourages their managers to maximize the profit and income margin (Pruce 2014). The company Micklethwaite Brewery points a significant difficulty with their apparent inability. This is at present related to assessing the capability of any particular manager. The company's current financial procedures only help the company to monitor the overall income and related expenditures for any different pub, but this provides a little indication of evaluating the manager's unerring ability. The revenue and popularity of a pub majorly depend on the pub's location and the condition it is going through. This reflects the business process considerably. In connection with the proposed changes, the brewery's fundamental interest lies on to evaluate all the managers exact capability. The ablest and accurate managers will be selected and they will be retained, or will be located to the prime sites of business. The closures of some locations will solely crave the ways to verbosities, and naturally, the company's least able managers will be terminated. The management body does not wish to incur increased redundancy costs for this group through unjustifiably increasing their basic pay structure. The company thinks food is a primary source of income and will become so more in new future. That is why they need the managers to be highly skilled in this area. The important part thus is considered the trainability and motivation of the manager to run this section of the business (Joseph, de Veciana and Arapostathis 2012). A primary task for individual is to adopt systems for assessing exclusive competence, trainability and ensuring the retention of their more able managers. There is a technological aspect too. In this point of view, the company's new tills are linked to a central computer. This enables the company to individual product sales per site as the enterprise evolves the till and trigger reorders of shock automatically. It allows the company, therefore, to look for wastage rates as a part of stock control procedures and contribution per product as well as identifying when the pub is crowded or quiet. Undeniably, it is the manager's duty to ensure that the bar is crowded at all times. It also enables the company to calculate consumption rates accurately, which is used to introduce a range of specialist real ales. Apparent demand for this product is observed, and company can charge the premium price for that. This marketing strategy also introduces a wider range of wines to compliment new food offerings (Shields et al 2015). This policy could not be made public, as skilled managers will find alternative employment first. The company wishes to neither trigger a response from our competitors nor incur speculation on the stock exchange. The pace of restructuring is dependent on the availability of capital from selling the properties, position on the stock exchange, cooperation of banking sector and the cost associated with the refurbishment program. The company intends to complete the program as swiftly as possible following the announcement. It is expected that income to the company will be substantially increased as a result of these initiatives (Datta 2012). The increase in borrowing will be recovered over a six years period and that the net contribution to the company Micklethwaite Brewery will enable the company to continue reinvesting in the company to secure its future growth. Conclusion All these plans discussed above are to be implemented by the Corporation To Ensure The Company Growth. Potential incentive schemes will be applicable for licensed house managers. In a rapidly changing environment of the business cycle, customers have some choices in financial services industry in recent times. The company, thus, tends to improve quality, reduce the time of processing to meet customers' expectation, keep a lid on costs, and maintain the brewery quite ahead of the competition. The licensed house managers' salary structure along with the bonus and incentive schemes has been analyzed. The system of total rewarding has some benefits because a fair, rewarding system always puts impacts on company success. It enables a strong impression on the motivation and commitment issues of the workers. Rewarding also enhances the intimate relationship between the employees. Transactional rewards are, therefore, appealing to the individuals more (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). The fruits, which are the relational support to deliver an active intellectual contract and it, can work as a differentiator in the market of employment. The brewery can become an employer of choice' and a considerably well platform to work, thus to attract and to retain the talented and skilled people they need. The brewery's revised pay structure and the new corporate strategy they are trying to implement, will lead the factory to retain truly efficient managers and employees. The researcher can conclude, the procedure is fair, scientific, and modern and will try to enhance the company's profitable income vastly. References Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T., 2005.A handbook of employee Reward Management And Practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p.168. Baumann, O. and Stieglitz, N., 2014. Rewarding value creating ideas in organizations: The power of low powered incentives.Strategic Management Journal,35(3), pp.358-375. Bidwell, M., Briscoe, F., Fernandez-Mateo, I. and Sterling, A., 2013. The employment relationship and inequality: How and why changes in employment practices are reshaping rewards in organizations.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.61-121. Datta, P., 2012. An applied organizational rewards distribution system.Management Decision,50(3), pp.479-501. Gomez-Mejia, L.R., Berrone, P. and Franco-Santos, M., 2014.Compensation and organizational performance: Theory, research, and practice. Routledge. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, M.F. and Rasheed, A., 2012. Impact of rewards and motivation on job satisfaction in banking sector of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(21). Joseph, V., de Veciana, G. and Arapostathis, A., 2012, October. Resource allocation: Realizing mean-variability-fairness tradeoffs. InCommunication, Control, and Computing (Allerton), 2012 50th Annual Allerton Conference on(pp. 831-838). IEEE. Klingebiel, R. and Rammer, C., 2014. Resource allocation strategy for innovation portfolio management.Strategic Management Journal,35(2), pp.246-268. Massingham, P.R. and Tam, L., 2015. The relationship between human capital, value creation and employee reward.Journal of Intellectual Capital,16(2), pp.390-418. McDermott, A.M., Conway, E., Rousseau, D.M. and Flood, P.C., 2013. Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance.Human Resource Management,52(2), pp.289-310. Njanja, W.L., Maina, R.N., Kibet, L.K. and Njagi, K., 2013. Effect of Reward on Employee Performance: A Case of Kenya Power and Lighting Company Ltd., Nakuru, Kenya.International Journal of Business and Management,8(21), p.41. Nyberg, A.J., Pieper, J.R. and Trevor, C.O., 2013. Pay-for-performances effect on future employee performance integrating psychological and economic principles toward a contingency perspective.Journal of Management, p.0149206313515520. zutku, H., 2012. The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on employee results: An empirical analysis in Turkish Manufacturing Industry.Business and Economics Research Journal,3(3), p.29. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sikora, D.M. and Ferris, G.R., 2014. Strategic human resource practice implementation: The critical role of line management.Human Resource Management Review,24(3), pp.271-281. Sparrow, P.R., 2013. 11 International reward management.Reward management: a critical text, p.233. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge. Webb Day, J., L. Holladay, C., K. Johnson, S. and G. Barron, L., 2014. Organizational rewards: considering employee need in allocation.Personnel Review,43(1), pp.74-95.